The cranial cavity was cut open very carefully with the help of forceps, scissors, and scalpel. Immediately, the separated head of these birds was taken to the laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology. The head of the birds under study was carefully separated at the level of second cervical vertebrae. Adult birds (8 weeks) were slaughtered by cervical dislocation. Birds were reared up to 8 weeks with standard housing, feeding, vaccination, and management system. This work will help to find more information related to brain in Vencobb broiler.Ībout 12, day old Vencobb chicks were obtained from Eastern Hatchery, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. So the present study was designed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic morphology (hippocampus) of brain in Vencobb broiler. Till today little work has been published regarding anatomical and histological study of brain in birds. In case of strawberry finch, Estrada amandava birds several types of neurons present in the hippocampal complex on the basis of differential dendritic tree pattern. Several types of local circuit neurons (LC) beside the three types of projection neurons: Pyramidal, pyramidal-like, and multipolar neuron have been described in domestic chicks. Five fields were recognized in the hippocampal complex: Medial and lateral hippocampus, parahippocampal area, central field of the parahippocampal area, and crescent field. The role of the avian hippocampus in spatial learning, memory, cognitive, and navigation is well established.

The cerebral cortex of the domestic fowls is similar to that of the Pekin Duck and African ostrich. Sturnus vulgaris birds showed that the cerebral is an oval shape with the absence of gyrus and sulcus, with right and left cerebral hemisphere separated by medium fissure, whereas another transverse fissure situated between cerebral and cerebellum. Smaller birds tend to have round and avian-type brains, whereas larger birds show elongated and reptilian-type brains. The brain was hour-glass shape and large in the white crested polish chicken and cerebellum, hippocampus, septum, and olfactory bulb were well developed.

There is wide variation in brain morphology among different birds. The large optic lobes in avian species can be attributed to the fact that the birds have a very well-developed sense of vision. Large brains might have evolved as an adaptation to cope with novel or altered conditions. The cognitive ability of a species might be due its total number of brain neurons. Brain research in birds is important for bird’s welfare and knowledge about the nervous system function, physiology, anatomical development, and behavior. Avian brain research was started in the early 20 th century.

Hippocampus anatomy histology